Thirdly, the mechanistic association between TLS inhibition and BRAF signaling requires in-depth investigation in experimental models, and future studies integrating spatial transcriptomics, multiplex immunohistochemistry, and functional analysis should clarify the causal relationship between BRAF mutation and TLS formation/maturation while unraveling the interaction mechanisms among TLS, tumor cells, and immune components. Here, BRAF is linked to neoplasm.