PAX5 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Furthermore, MALAT1 enhances vesicle transport and exosome secretion in HCC cells to facilitate oncogenic signal transduction (29); it synergizes with HULC to regulate TRF2 expression and promote the growth of HCC stem cells, while its back-spliced product circ-MALAT1 promotes stem cell self-renewal by inhibiting PAX5 translation (30).