Among these, 17 were identified as differentially expressed SLE associated genes (DEAGs), including AGPAT4, BCAR3, CD4, DDR2, F11R, FARP1, FCGR2A, FRMPD1, HECW2, ITGA11, MCTP2, NUDCD3, PPIF, RASA3, SUMF1, TMEM181, and USP8 (Table S6). Here, TMEM181 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.