This process enhances leukocyte adhesion via upregulated adhesion molecule expression, forming localized inflammatory microenvironments that exacerbate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis.[66] Furthermore, lysophosphatidylcholine significantly upregulates tumor PD-L1 expression in vitro and in vivo, effectively promoting tumor cell resistance to T-cell cytotoxicity. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is colitis.