INS and diabetes mellitus: First, SB, particularly excessive television viewing, may raise the likelihood of obesity and diabetes, which are major risk factors for CVD.[36–38] Second, prolonged sitting may lead to endothelial dysfunction via a reduction in shear stress, thereby contributing to atherosclerosis development.[39,40] Third, SB may reduce muscle mass, lower insulin sensitivity, and increase the risks of physical dysfunction.[41] However, the relationship between SB and CVD still needs more in-depth research.