For example, given that IL-12 is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine that promotes T cell proliferation and cytotoxicity [50, 51], while IL-7 supports T cell proliferation, maintenance, and survival [6, 7, 72], the viral co-expression of IL-7 and IL-12 may represent a promising strategy for dual cytokine-expressing viruses in cancer immunotherapy. The gene discussed is IL7; the disease is cancer.