TGFB1 and colitis: KEGG analysis of the RNA-seq data revealed that the Th17 signaling pathway and cytokine‒cytokine receptor interactions were enriched in the TNBS-induced colitis postcigarette smoke group (Fig. 2g), whereas the anti-inflammatory role of the TGF‒beta signaling pathway was enriched in the DSS-induced colitis postcigarette smoke group (Fig. 2h).