INS and diabetes mellitus: Notably, the leading-edge genes driving the enrichment of core metabolic and signaling pathways, including glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, β-oxidation, ER stress, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt/insulin signaling, were themselves collectively overrepresented in the “Experimental Diabetes Mellitus” gene set (Fig. 1G).