LEP and steatosis: In MASLD patients (n = 232), each leptin doubling was associated with 11.5 dB/m higher CAP values in univariate analysis (95% CI 5.2–17.8, p < 0.001), increasing to 23.5 dB/m after full adjustment (95% CI 16.0–31.0, p < 0.001), explaining 19% of steatosis variance in the adjusted model