TNF and cancer: Furthermore,photoactivated M1-like macrophages perform phagocytosis and releaseinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α andIL-12) that induce cancer cell apoptosis.This innovative optical nanohybrid, which enhances photo- and biostimulationwith self-signaling, offers safer and more efficient treatment optionsfor cancer patients, improving outcomes and understanding of photoimmuneinteractions with cancer cells during treatment.