,32 Among them, the synthetic compound 991 (also known as Ex229) is a cyclic benzimidazole derivative identified as a potent allosteric activator of AMPK in skeletal muscle ex vivo33 that inhibits TGF-β secretion by fibrotic macrophages in vitro.22 Therefore, it represents a good candidate to selectively and potently activate AMPK in DMD muscle to modulate inflammation, dampen fibrosis, and improve muscle function. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.