IL22 and infection: Our results are in line with other studies showing that IL-22 is necessary for host defense against infiltrating pathobionts.51,53–55 Moreover, they align with our prior observations that Ptpn2∆IEC mice fail to increase IL-22 production following C. rodentium infection.52 We previously showed that loss of PTPN2 in macrophages elevated IL-22 production in C. rodentium infected Ptpn2LysMCre mice and macrophage IL-22 was required for the faster recovery from infection seen in these mice.