A significant decrease was observed between both of MetS+Cranberry 100 and Metformin as compared with the MetS+Cranberry 50 group. Compared with the metformin group, the MetS + Cranberry 100 group presented significantly higher TGF-β1 expression (P < 0.05) (Fig. 13L). Here, TGFB1 is linked to metabolic syndrome.