Furthermore, M2 macrophages promote renal fibrosis by secreting pro-fibrotic factors such as TGFβ, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-12), galectin-3, and platelet-derived growth factors, which activate fibroblasts and drive extracellular matrix accumulation [7]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is renal fibrosis.