SOD1 and colorectal cancer: This study investigated the effects of esketa- mine-based anesthesia on serum levels of oxidative stress markers (GSH, CAT, MDA, SOD), inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, CRF) IL-6), and T lymphocyte subsets in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery, with the aim of reducing postoperative stress-related damage.