CAT and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Collectively, Age, T2D, and obesity-related signaling pathways end at induction of oxidative stress and disruption of first-line defense Antioxidants-Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) (Novak et al., 1996; Wang and Zhang, 2024; Zgutka et al., 2023; Promyos et al., 2023; Gusti et al., 2021).