Both cytokines are markedly elevated in NASH and advanced fibrosis and are closely associated with distinct NAFLD subtypes (62, 63).Furthermore, their natural antagonist, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), is significantly decreased in NAFLD(P< 0.05), suggesting a dysregulated inflammatory balance during disease progression (64). The gene discussed is IL1R1; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.