Neutrophils activation in CKD could worsen kidney injury and contribute to the development of kidney fibrosis through release of reactive oxygen species and neutrophil elastase (39), while monocytes infiltrate into kidney tissue with enhanced transendothelial migration capacity (40, 41), differentiate into macrophages and deteriorate renal injury by exceeding the number of other immune cells in CKD (42). The gene discussed is ELANE; the disease is chronic kidney disease.