EIF3A and neoplasm: For example, HS2ST1 may enhance Wnt/β-catenin signaling by mediating heparan sulfate modification, thereby promoting tumor stem cell properties; EIF3M may regulate the translation efficiency of oncogenic proteins through the eIF3 complex; and PPP3CA, as the catalytic subunit of calcineurin, may inhibit NK cell IL-2/IFN-γ secretion capacity when its expression is downregulated due to impaired NFAT dephosphorylation (57–63).