TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Many studies have reported negative correlation of genus Akkermansia was reported to decline in patient with T2DM (Sedighi et al., 2017; Gao et al., 2018), assists in inhibition of α-glucosidase and reduction of postprandial hyperglycaemia (Everard et al., 2013), and reduce inflammation by inhibiting the expression of TNF-α and lipid oxidative damage in diabetic animals (Zhang et al., 2018).