Meanwhile, 65.4% avoided biopsy, with many managed conservatively: 15.7% (1.0% of total screened) had PSA normalization on repeat testing, 29.1% (2.9% of total screened) were clinically diagnosed with BPH, and 6.3% were treated for other nonmalignant causes. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and benign prostatic hyperplasia.