For instance, durvalumab (anti–PD-L1) and tremelimumab (anti–CTLA-4) have been tested in combination with hypofractionated radiotherapy for NSCLC (Chang et al., 2022; Schoenfeld et al., 2022; Galluzzi et al., 2023), while stereotactic radiotherapy combined with nivolumab and ipilimumab has shown efficacy in Merkel cell carcinoma (Kim et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and Merkel cell skin cancer.