Elephants represent a prime example of such an evolutionary cancer resistance mechanism; despite their massive body size, long lifespan, and relatively high neoplasia rate, the malignant conversion of neoplastic lesions remains strikingly rare, a pattern attributed to their multiple copies of TP53 that provide robust tumor suppressive functions (Abegglen et al. 2015; Tollis et al. 2017a, 2021; Vazquez and Lynch 2021). This evidence concerns the gene TP53 and neoplasm.