Disruption of the TrpA1–neuropeptide (DH31, a Drosophila secreted factor) pathway in EECs (ProsGal4>UAS-TrpA1RNAi or UAS-DH31RNAi) did not decrease survival or bacterial clearance during P.e. infection (Fig. 3E, Fig. S3E). Here, NPS is linked to infection.