Regular intake of FOS demonstrated protective associations with incident all-cause dementia [hazard ratio (HR): 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.87, 0.96] and vascular dementia (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.89) after adjustment for age and sex (Supplemental Table 3). This evidence concerns the gene FOS and vascular dementia.