TNF and Alzheimer disease: The Qisheng Wan formula (QWF) ameliorates Alzheimer’s disease (AZD)-related cognitive deficits and histopathological damage in rats by reducing Aβ1-42 deposition and downregulating NF-κB/TNF-α/IL-6 expression, concurrently restoring GM diversity and suppressing inflammation-associated bacterial taxa (Xiong et al., 2022).