MAPT and Alzheimer disease: Currently, three possible pathological mechanisms have been confirmed for AD, namely, amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques (Ishii et al., 2024), tau hyperphosphorylation, leading to the formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (Varesi et al., 2022), and the loss of neuronal function (Park et al., 2025).