These discrepancies likely reflect differences in disease stage, tissue-specific expression, receptor modulation, and systemic inflammatory status, identifying a positive relationship between serum Netrin-1 and inflammatory markers in visceral adipose tissue (Xia et al., 2022), while Shalaby and Nedeva et al. observed increased Netrin-1 levels in individuals with prediabetes and newly diagnosed diabetes (Nedeva et al., 2020; Shalaby et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene NTN1 and prediabetes syndrome.