INS and Hyperinsulinemia: Regarding metabolic parameters, fasting glucose levels did not show significant differences between groups (p = 0.10); however, serum insulin levels were markedly higher in the CO group (mean = 39 μIU/mL, range = 26–48 μIU/mL) compared to the C group (mean = 8 μIU/mL, range = 7–14 μIU/mL) and the PO group (median = 9 μIU/mL, range = 7–12 μIU/mL) (p < 0.001), confirming compensatory hyperinsulinemia in this group.