MAPT and Alzheimer disease: In AD mice, widespread upregulation of phosphorylated JNK (Thr183/Tyr185) and p38 MAPK suggests activation of neuroinflammatory and apoptotic pathways linked to tau hyperphosphorylation and Aβ accumulation (Borsello and Forloni, 2007; Coulthard et al., 2009; Asih et al., 2020; Di Benedetto et al., 2022).