As the disease advanced, Fib_FBLN1+ fibroblasts—associated with tissue repair and homeostasis gradually transitioned into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), including Fib_POSTN+, Fib_CD74+, and Fib_CXCR4+ subpopulations (Figures 5D, E, Supplementary Figure S5A). Here, POSTN is linked to cancer.