Similarly, activation of free fatty acid receptors FFAR1 and FFAR4 reduced lipid accumulation by enhancing fatty acid metabolism and induced M2 macrophage polarization, concomitantly increasing the expression of CD206, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1α (CPT-1α), and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13), ultimately ameliorating DSS-induced colitis (92). The gene discussed is CPT1A; the disease is colitis.