Moreover, in oral cancer, CSF-1 co-expresses with the transcriptional activator TWIST1 of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), accompanied by TAM infiltration, suggesting that CSF-1 induces TAM chemotaxis through CSFR activation, enhancing OSCC’s epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion (68). This evidence concerns the gene CSF1 and lip and oral cavity carcinoma.