The most commonly studied blood-based biomarkers include alpha-fetoprotein (aFP), C-reactive protein (CRP), Albumin-Bilirubin (ALBI) score, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), cytokines, circulating-tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as recorded in previous studies (14, 15). The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is neoplasm.