Additionally, NEC was associated with decreased levels of Eotaxin-1, Eotaxin-2, IL-2, IL-16, PDGF-BB, and TIMP-2, BPD with decreased MIP-1β levels, and GA with decreased levels of Eotaxin-1, MIP-1β, and ICAM-1. This evidence concerns the gene CCL4 and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.