TNF and cerebral palsy: For instance, elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, IL-9, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), along with decreased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-2 and IL-3, within the first day after birth, have shown good sensitivity and specificity in predicting cerebral palsy (CP) in late preterm and term infants (4).