Lower levels of hepatic fibrosis found in CCl4- and TAA-injected Bsep-/- mice might be a result of both direct antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory effects of THBA because proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as Tnfβ, IL1β, and Tgfβ secreted from activated macrophages, are known to activate HSCs.26 Here, IL1B is linked to Hepatic fibrosis.