PTPN1 and onchocerciasis: SOV is a nonselective, competitive, and reversible inhibitor of PTP1B,[25] while SU is a competitive and reversible inhibitor of PTP1B used to treat trypanosomiasis and onchocerciasis.[26] Finally, UA, a pentacyclic triterpene of the ursane class, inhibits PTP1B and promotes insulin receptor phosphorylation and glucose uptake in vitro.[27]