Separate studies have defined that these HO-1hi M2-TAMs are driven by NRF2 through HIF1α, p50 NF-κB–CSF-R1–C3aR axis signaling, tend to localize to the invasive margin, and support tumor, growth, angiogenesis and EMT transition [64, 65]. Here, NFE2L2 is linked to neoplasm.