Mice that were fed a high-fiber diet were also partially protected from the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) and its progression to CKD, exhibiting a decrease in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6, TNF, and IL-1), chemokines (e.g., CCL2, chemokine ligand 2 [CXCL2], and CXCL10), inflammatory mediators (e.g., inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS]), and inflammasome components (e.g., NACHT, LRR, PYD domains-containing protein 3 [NLRP3], and IL-1 [61]). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and acute kidney injury.