This association also appeared in early and low-normal ranges of serum albumin: creatinine ratio (s-ACR) (s-ACR < 0.2714 mg/mmol: β = 2.304, p < 0.005 and s-ACR 0.2714–0.3649 mg/mmol: β = 1.000, p < 0.041), suggesting that pl-Hp and ox-LDL rise before overt kidney damage. The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is Nephropathy.