TNF and metabolic syndrome: Specifically, this study evaluated changes in key biomarkers of oxidative stress (e.g., CAT, GPx, total antioxidant capacity (TAC)) and inflammation (e.g., IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α) following walnut intervention, providing insights into the potential role of walnuts as a dietary strategy for managing MetS-related oxidative stress and inflammation.