Research studies indicate that pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), are elevated in the saliva and blood of women with PCOS, reflecting a chronic low-grade inflammation state [5,7,8,9,10]. Here, TNF is linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.