Pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 (IL-1β), are key inflammatory mediators and are frequently found at elevated levels in subsets of women with PCOS [10,32,33,34,35,36]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is polycystic ovary syndrome.