ELANE and septic shock: In a study involving 50 patients with sepsis or septic shock and healthy controls, TAFI activity and antigen, D-dimer, the neutrophil elastase-alpha1-proteinase inhibitor complex (neutrophil elastase), fibrin degradation product by neutrophil elastase (E-XDP), PAP, and the t-PA-PAI-1 complex were measured [60].