BRAF and neoplasm: Other relevant biomarkers include Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS), Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (BRAF) mutations, microsatellite instability (MSI), adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), tumor protein p53 (TP53) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), which are increasingly used in clinical practice for diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive purposes [11,12,13].