Prostaglandin E2, a prostaglandin produced by COX2, has been shown to significantly increase phosphorylated ERK levels in starved NSCLC cell lines; this positive relationship between PGE2 and ERK was further confirmed by dose-titration experiments which demonstrated increased p-ERK levels following increased PGE2 concentrations. This evidence concerns the gene PTGS2 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.