The discovery of antibodies directed at the phospholipase A2 M-type phospholipase receptor (anti PLA2R) and at the thrombospondin type 1 domain-containing 7A (anti THSD7A) has deeply changed the diagnostic approach in membranous nephropathy, since kidney biopsy is no longer required to establish a diagnosis of membranous nephropathy in patients with positive autoantibodies and nephrotic syndrome. This evidence concerns the gene THSD7A and nephrotic syndrome.