Akkermansia muciniphila together with Clostridium butyricum has been demonstrated to inhibit breast cancer progression in pre-clinical models through the activation of anti-tumor immunity through increasing Tumor Necrosis Factor-4 (TNF-4) production and CD8+ lymphocyte infiltration, while promoting apoptosis through the B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2)/BAX pathway [84]. Here, CD8A is linked to breast cancer.