α-Klotho has a protective effect on cognitive decline [25,53], through modulation of different mechanisms, including increased glutamatergic synapses [53], decreased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, and vascular senescence [101,102], increased antioxidant mechanisms [103], the promotion of autophagy [104], the elimination of misfolded proteins, increased oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination of the CNS [105], and reduced gliosis and neuroinflammation [106,107,108]. The gene discussed is KL; the disease is Mental deterioration.