Finally, another crucial inflammatory mechanism influenced by ROS in obesity is the activation of the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome [77], a multiprotein complex that drives the activation of caspase-1 and the subsequent cleavage and maturation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.