It delineates how isoform-specific dysregulation of these transporters (e.g., VDAC1 downregulation impairing fatty acid oxidation in atherosclerosis, TRPC6-mediated Ca2+ influx driving cardiac fibrosis, and SLC25A20 deficiency promoting lipotoxicity) directly contributes to cardiovascular pathogenesis by disrupting mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, redox balance, metabolic flexibility, and organelle dynamics. The gene discussed is VDAC1; the disease is atherosclerosis.