NOX4 and metabolic disease: Conversely, in metabolic disorders, artemisinin and its derivatives protect against metabolic disorders by reducing NOX4-derived ROS, enhancing insulin/PI3K/AKT signaling, and blocking NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammatory pathways [183,229,230], shifting mitochondria from ROS amplifying in tumors to scavenging in metabolic disorders.